The graduate students are requested to improve their knowledge on frontier topics in chemistry by attending a number of specific courses (in English on request) and seminars given by members of the PhD program and by academic or professional external experts in order to fulfill the requirements. The students are expected to plan and perform personally high impact scientific projects, that will be discussed with – and constantly monitored by – their supervisor. Very often the research projects are part of international collaborations. Accordingly, the students are encouraged to perform part of their research project (min 2 months, max 18 months) in a collaborating foreign scientific institution. They are also encouraged to attend to national or international symposia, presenting scientific contributions. The department is equipped with modern instruments and laboratories, where the graduates can learn new techniques and perform their research inherent their PhD project. The department is also furnished with computational servers for theoretical and computational research. The department has agreements with institutions which host large instruments (Elettra synchrotron, Fermi FEL and CINECA supercomputer center) so the PhD students will have the chance to access to these large facilities.